How to Kill Bedbugs

" How to kill bedbugs involves both non chemical mechanical methods such as vacuuming, steam, heat and the use of a washing machine and chemical methods such as sprays and dusts.  Both are required to thoroughly treat an infestation.  With current methods available it may take more than one treatment."  

Bed bugs small insects that live near their host. They puncture the skin of the host in order to feed. Not everyone has an allergic reaction to the bed bug bites. Even if you don't have a reaction to the first time you are bitten, it is possible to have a reaction, the next time you are bitten.

It is difficult to kill bedbugs since they are difficult to spot. Treatment needs to kill the bed bugs and the bed bug eggs, each requiring a different type of treatment. The key is to make sure you treat the entire infested area. Removing bed bugs from an area usually takes multiple applications. If you are planning to remove the bedbugs yourself, you will need a combination of non-chemical and chemical approaches since steps like cleaning a room and vacuuming will only reduce the population of bed bugs so far.

Not living in the infested room is usually not an option since bedbugs can live about a year without feeding.

How to Find Bed Bugs

Start with your bed since up to 90% of the bed bugs can be found within 10 feet of the bed. When looking for food, they can crawl over floors, no walls and on ceilings for up to 100 feet. For this reason be sure to check adjacent rooms.

Bedbugs like to live in small, warm, dark places. Use a strong flashlight and carefully inspect the crevices of your mattress and bed frame. Adult bedbugs are usually reddish-brown in color and are about a quarter of an inch long. Their larvae are the size of a grain of rice. Look carefully, because they can be easy to miss.

Inspect other furniture besides your bed. Bedbugs can live on sofas or chairs. They can even live in dresser drawers. They can also live in carpet, usually along the baseboard. If you find bedbugs in one location, go ahead and inspect your entire house. If you miss a spot when treating them, the infestation will just return.

Use a magnifying glass to spot the white bed bug eggs. They are approximately the size of a head of a pin as are nymphs, which are bedbugs that were just hatched. The eggs are difficult to kill because of their protective shell, size and the sticky substance that cements them to a surface, making vacuuming ineffective. As bed bugs grow they will shed 5x which is why you might see bed bug skins on a mattress. They feed in between molting. A bedbug can grow into an adult in 30 days and create three new generations in a year.

Preparation - How to Kill Bedbugs

1. Do not remove anything from the room to be treated unless bagged. Do not remove furniture. 
2. Loosen the edge of carpet at the perimeter to inspect for bed bugs 
3. Remove and inspect all items from the walls including pictures and lights if mounted on the wall 
4. Loosen all switch plates such as electric, cable etc. 
5. Remove all linens, clothes and blankets and bag/seal before they leave the room 
6. Remove all items from adjacent closets and clean items in the closet 
7. Remove all items from the floor 
8. Dispose of items such as newspapers and magazine in a sealed plastic bag

Bed bugs are also difficult to spot because they are active at night. You can try and pinpoint a location where a bed bug is hiding by any nearby staining due to molting are any brown fecal matter they leave behind. The bedbugs also have a distinct sweet smell, which is why dogs are sometimes used to locate areas where they are hiding.

Picture of Bed Bugs at Bottom of Wall

How to Kill Bedbugs without Chemicals

The first step in how to kill bedbugs is to launder your bedding in hot water by bagging the clothes in the room of the infestation and then carrying the bags to the washing machine. After washing anything you can including blankets, clothes and linens in hot water, be sure to dry on high heat for 30 minutes.

The second step in how to kill bedbugs is to vacuum thoroughly. Use the crevice tool on a strong vacuum cleaner to get into the crevices of your mattress and the corners of your bed frame. Of course, you can use the crevice tool on other soft furniture as well, such as sofas and chairs, and also on hard furniture like the insides of dresser drawers. Also use the crevice tool to vacuum the floor along the baseboards near the bed or other infested furniture. Be sure to dispose of the vacuum bag in a sealed plastic bag when done. Do not use the brush tool since it may disperse bedbug eggs or they will get caught in the tool.

Dispose of anything you can in the infested room such as magazines and newspapers. Bed bugs like to hide in clutter. Check every item in a room such as behind picture frames and even inside electronics. They may even hide behind wall electrical or cable plates. Check along the perimeter of the carpet as bedbugs can hide in the carpet and attach themselves to the wood holding the carpet in place.  Removing hiding places makes how to kill bedbugs an easier task.

If a mattress is torn and old, then it should be disposed of. If the mattress is in decent condition, then there is no need to dispose of it.

Steamer - a hand steamer will push steam into areas where there are eggs. Steam is an effective for how to kill bedbugs at all stages of life and is most effective when used prior to the application of insecticides such as sprays and dusts. It is preferable to use a steamer sold specifically to kill bed bugs as it will have high heat and low water vapor. Open a window after treatment to avoid the growing of mold on surfaces treated. Start by treating the mattress surface, mattress seams and then the furniture. Bed frame joints are a favorite hiding place. Treat all edges of the carpet as well.

Picture of Bed bugs on Side Carpet Tack

Freezing - How to kill bedbugs in a freezer is easy. Placing any item in a bag and then in the freezer will kill any bugs on the item after a few hours.

How to Kill Bedbugs with Insecticides

You’ll need to use some sort of commercial treatment to when looking for how to kill bedbugs. These treatments usually come in sprays, powders/dust. Consider purchasing a Bed Bug Kit that contains all of the products mentioned below and a hand steamer to kill eggs. You can often find them at hardware stores. Here are the products contained in most bed bug kits and how they should be used:

Mattress Safe Spray: a spray will immediately kill bed bugs and works well for killing bed bugs hiding in cracks. One good choice is Bug Patrol. Use after steaming. Aerosol sprays are also available and may be helpful for treating hard to reach places and the back of objects such as picture frames. The active ingredient in most sprays is permethrin, which also has residual effects, meaning it will keep on killing bugs for a while, particularly on metal and wood, but less so on fabric.

Bed Bug Dust: Even if you vacuum up and kill all of the bugs, the eggs will hatch new bugs, which is why an infestation may reappear several weeks after treatment. By spreading dust around the room, the bedbugs will be killed on contact. Dusts are also useful around electrical outlets such as wall plates, since liquids could be dangerous. Since dust is visible after it is spread around, it is limited to out of the way areas such as under furniture and the bed. The active ingredient in dusts is usually carbamates such as bendiocarb and propoxur. Dusts are not used on mattresses.

Mattress Covers - on approach for hot to kill bedbugs is to buy a tight fitting mattress cover. One is available from Dermasil for under $10. The cover will trap any remaining bed bugs and those that hatch inside the mattress, denying them food. This is an easy approach for how to kill bedbugs. There is no need to throw out a mattress, just buy a cover on line or at a store like Bed Bath and Beyond.

If you decide to replace the mattress and bed frame, buy a metal frame since bed bugs hate the smooth and hard surface of metal. If you use any linen around the edges of a bed, make sure that it is off the floor to avoid having bed bugs use this as a pathway back into the bed.

Do not vacuum the room 10 to 14 days after treatment to allow the residual effects of sprays and any dust placed around the room to do its job. This is because any remaining eggs will hatch in 7 to 10 days.

When to Hire a Bed Bug Pest Control Expert

You can hire an exterminator to come in and treat your home for you. It's not a bad idea to get a quote from a company such as Termnix and then compare it to the cost of doing it yourself. A pest control company may have specialized equipment such as room super heater, which involves sealing a room and then heating it to a high temperature.  They will have specialized knowlege on how to kill bedbugs.

If you have a large infestation, it has spread to multiple rooms, or if the bed bugs reappear after treatment, then bringing in an expert makes sense.

References:

Bed Bug Control: Challenging and Still Evolving Harold J. Harlan, Kadix Systems LLC, Arlington,VA 22203, USA 

Stephen L. Doggett Department of Medical Entomology, Institute for Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, WESTMEAD NSW 2145, Australia. BedBug.Org.au

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